With a DC generator, the coil of wire is mounted in the shaft where the magnet is on the AC alternator, and electrical connections are made to this spinning coil via stationary carbon “brushes” contacting copper strips on the rotating shaft.Īll this is necessary to switch the coil’s changing output polarity to the external circuit so the external circuit sees a constant polarity: While DC generators work on the same general principle of electromagnetic induction, their construction is not as simple as their AC counterparts. The faster the alternator’s shaft is turned, the faster the magnet will spin, resulting in an alternating voltage and current that switches directions more often in a given amount of time. Notice how the polarity of the voltage across the wire coils reverses as the opposite poles of the rotating magnet pass by.Ĭonnected to a load, this reversing voltage polarity will create a reversing current direction in the circuit. This is the basic operating principle of an AC generator, also known as an alternator: Figure below If a machine is constructed to rotate a magnetic field around a set of stationary wire coils with the turning of a shaft, AC voltage will be produced across the wire coils as that shaft is rotated, in accordance with Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction. To explain the details of why this is so, a bit of background knowledge about AC is necessary. However, with AC it is possible to build electric generators, motors and power distribution systems that are far more efficient than DC, and so we find AC being used predominantly across the world in high power applications. In applications where electricity is used to dissipate energy in the form of heat, the polarity or direction of current is irrelevant, so long as there is enough voltage and current to the load to produce the desired heat (power dissipation). It is true that in some cases AC holds no practical advantage over DC. One might wonder why anyone would bother with such a thing as AC.
Whereas the familiar battery symbol is used as a generic symbol for any DC voltage source, the circle with the wavy line inside is the generic symbol for any AC voltage source. Certain sources of electricity (most notably, rotary electromechanical generators) naturally produce voltages alternating in polarity, reversing positive and negative over time.Įither as a voltage switching polarity or as a current switching direction back and forth, this “kind” of electricity is known as Alternating Current (AC): Alternating Current vs Direct CurrentĪs useful and as easy to understand as DC is, it is not the only “kind” of electricity in use. If the unit were a heat pump, not shown is a 4-way valve (reversing valve) that would be located between the HotSpot connection and the condenser.Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as direct current (DC), which is electricity flowing in a constant direction, and/or possessing a voltage with constant polarity.ĭC is the kind of electricity made by a battery (with definite positive and negative terminals), or the kind of charge generated by rubbing certain types of materials against each other. The refrigeration cycle shown below would be applicable to a cooler, freezer, ice maker or air conditioner. This drawing below shows the logical topology of a standard refrigeration system and shows where the HotSpot heat recovery equipment (Heat Recovery Unit or HRU) is connected.
#Ac system diagrams pro
Solar Air Conditioner / Solar Heating (AC-DC)ġ compressor, connected to main tank, with adapterĢ compressors & pre-heat tank with adapterġ compressor, connected to main tank, plumbedĢ compressors/2 units & single professional pre-heat tankĢ compressors with dual heat recovery unit, single pro tank Heat Recovery Water Heating & Pool Heating
Heat Recovery System Diagram | Refrigeration Cycle | HotSpot Energy LLC
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